What is the final stage of ecological succession called?

The final stage of ecological succession is known as the climax community. This stage represents a stable and mature ecosystem that has reached its peak biodiversity and productivity. In a climax community, the species composition remains relatively constant over time, barring any significant ecological disturbances. This stability allows the ecosystem to maintain its structure and function effectively, showcasing a dynamic balance among the various organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

As succession progresses through various stages, starting from bare rock or soil (in primary succession) or an altered environment (in secondary succession), the ecosystem gradually develops complexity. Early stages are often characterized by opportunistic species that modify the environment, paving the way for more diverse and specialized species. Eventually, these communities evolve into a climax community, which is ideally suited to the prevailing climate and environmental conditions of the area. This understanding of the climax community is essential in ecology, as it highlights the concept of stability and resilience in ecosystems after periods of change and disturbance.