What is meant by "edge effect" in ecology?

"Edge effect" refers specifically to the changes in populations or community structures that occur at the boundaries or edges of different habitats. These areas of transition can support unique microenvironments and may have distinct ecological characteristics compared to the interior of each habitat. For instance, wildlife such as certain birds or insects may flourish at these edges due to increased food availability or nesting opportunities from the proximity of different habitat types.

This concept reflects how the interaction between different ecosystems can enhance biodiversity and influence species behavior, population dynamics, and ecological interactions. The edge effect can lead to increased species richness because it allows for species from both adjacent habitats to coexist, creating opportunities for interactions that would not occur in more homogeneous environments. Understanding the edge effect is crucial in ecology, especially in the context of habitat fragmentation and conservation efforts.