What is an endemic species?

An endemic species is defined as a species that is native to a specific geographic area and is found nowhere else in the world. This means that the species has evolved and adapted to the unique conditions of its local environment, which can include factors like climate, soil types, and ecological interactions. Endemic species are often more vulnerable to extinction due to their limited range; any significant change in their habitat, such as climate change or human activities, can have a drastic impact on their populations. Their exclusivity to a particular area makes them important for conservation efforts, as they play a unique role in their ecosystems and contribute to biodiversity.

For example, the native flora and fauna of islands often include many endemic species, as these organisms may have evolved independently from their mainland relatives. This isolation contributes to their distinct characteristics and ecological roles. Understanding what makes a species endemic helps in the study of evolution and biodiversity conservation.