What impact does urbanization have on ecosystems?

Urbanization has a significant impact on ecosystems, primarily through habitat destruction and the alteration of existing environments. As areas are developed for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes, natural habitats such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands are often cleared or fragmented. This results in a loss of biodiversity, as many species depend on these habitats for food, shelter, and breeding.

Moreover, urbanization can lead to changes in local climate, increased pollution, and the introduction of invasive species, all of which can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. For example, the construction of buildings and roads can create barriers for wildlife, making it difficult for animals to migrate or find resources. Additionally, urban areas often experience higher temperatures (known as the urban heat island effect) and altered water runoff patterns, which can further strain local ecosystems.

The combination of these factors leads to a decline in habitat quality and availability for native species, ultimately transforming the structure and function of ecosystems that were once thriving. Therefore, the impact of urbanization is profound, resulting in significant ecological consequences.