How can soil composition impact plant growth?

Soil composition plays a critical role in plant growth primarily by affecting nutrient availability and water retention. Different types of soil contain varying amounts of essential minerals and organic matter, which are vital for plant nutrition. Nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are necessary for various plant functions, including growth, flowering, and fruiting.

Moreover, the texture and structure of the soil influence its ability to hold water. Sandy soils, for instance, drain quickly but may not retain enough moisture for plants, while clay soils can retain water but may become compacted, limiting root growth. The right balance of nutrients and moisture is essential for healthy plants, as both factors directly impact their ability to germinate, grow, and thrive.

Other options related to temperature changes, photosynthesis rate, and atmospheric pressure do not directly address the core reasons soil composition affects plant health as effectively as nutrient availability and water retention do.